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The Max Kade Institute holds conferences that are interdisciplinary in scope and which strive to link the academic community and an interested public. With funding from the German Historical Institute and the Friends of MKI, and co-sponsorship of the UW-Madison George Mosse/Laurence Weinstein Center for Jewish Studies, the Center for the Humanities and the Department of German, conference participants explored issues of identity, from several Jewish and German perspectives. A scholarly volume that illuminates the conference topic of German-Jewish Identity in America will be co-edited by conference organizers Christof Mauch, Acting Director of the German Historical Institute, and Joseph Salmons, Director of the MKI. Below, Friends Board member, Susan Stoddard, shares her insights on the conference with readers of the Newsletter.
By Susan Stoddard
On October 26-28, conference participants were privileged to hear a wonderful international group of scholars present thoughtful topics dealing with the issue of the identity of German Jews in America, from the Civil War until the present. I had just read the two volume journals of Viktor Klemperer, written from 1933 until 1945. I had wrestled with his assertion that he was first and foremost German and of Jewish heritage - rather than Jewish, and therefore not German. The keynote speaker, Dr. Henry Feingold, from Baruch College at the City University of New York, suggested both Klemperer's books, and the new autobiography by George Mosse, which addresses the same issues. He also introduced the issues of the German Jew compared with the Eastern European Jew, and the Ashkenazi with the Sepharadi. Thus, he set the stage for the rest of the conference.
Although as an historian (I was an undergraduate UW major in the 60's), I have considered the Holocaust and its aftermath in Europe and in the United States, and although I lived in New York and New Jersey in the 70's, I was simply not aware of the broader questions of Jewish identity in the U.S. I did not really consider the cultural and ideological differences between the Reform and Orthodox communities, nor the role of the German-Jewish community in the Reform movement. Thus, I am glad to have had the opportunity to attend the conference organized by the Max Kade Institute and the German Historical Institute.
My family has great ties to Milwaukee, and I knew about the Settlement House and the Settlement Cookbook. I did not know that the Settlement House was set up as a way to teach immigrant women about sewing and nutrition, that it was part of the progressive political idea, not a religious endeavor. Cissy Kantor's statement that "...charity has nothing to do with being a volunteer, it is a duty!" emphasizes the role of Jewish women in the creation of other Milwaukee institutions, which I only knew as part of the German freethinking/socialist heritage. It would be interesting to study the intellectual influences on the Reform movement and the Freethinkers, since there are parallels.
A discussion of the religious communities in various areas, including Chicago, Cincinnati and New Orleans further showed the strength of the German-Jewish community in establishing hospitals, homes for the aged, and orphanages. One society, the Jewish international fraternal society B'nai Brith, was founded in 1857 based on the ideas of unity and community. Great philosophical differences between the branches of the faith were overcome with the idea of brotherly love in the need to provide for the less fortunate. The names of Isaac M. Wise, David Einhorn, Max Heller, and Paul Lensch will provide a springboard in reading more in this field. The community in Arizona was used as a model for the successful Jewish entrepreneurs who did not live in enclaves, as was done in the East and Midwest, perhaps in part because of the frontier and the smaller numbers. (It's too bad that the role of the Spanish conversos, who date back to the 15th century, especially in New Mexico, was not mentioned as part of the western community.)
Finally, the issues of the secular Jews who wished to provide for communities in the Ukraine and, of course, Palestine/Israel, were presented. Felix Warburg, Julius Rosenwald, and James Rosenberg were among the bankers and industrialists mentioned who funded these efforts.
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By Johannes Gillhoff. Trans. by Richard Lorenz August Trost. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2000. 178 pages.
Reviewed by Clark Mitchell
Johannes Gillhoff's book, a compilation of letters written
to his father, is an entertaining read for anyone interested in the experience
of the German-American immigrant. At the turn of the last century, Gillhoff
gathered letters written by former students of his father, a schoolteacher in
Mecklenburg. After eighteen years of reworking the letters, Gillhoff created
the character Jürnjakob Swehn. Swehn is a fictional German immigrant whose
experiences are based on the many individual stories found in these letters.
The text is written in the form of letters (as the title implies) and is thus full of personal anecdotes. Within this format, Gillhoff addresses significant topics facing the nineteenth-century German-American. Among the initial letters are stories about the settlement process, claiming and clearing of land, and hardships on the farm. Gillhoff also introduces the German-American perspective on certain social issues. For example, Jürnjakob's wife is his equal, and he consults her before making decisions, indicative of the crucial role of women on the family farm. Religion is another social issue addressed in the letters, clearly playing a large role in the German-American immigrant experience. Jürnjakob describes in great detail the building of the first and subsequent churches, the search for pastors, and the general importance of the church in the community. The church also played the role of educator in the earliest immigrant communities. Jürnjakob, in his letters to his former teacher, describes the dichotomy of the parochial (German-speaking) school and the public school.
Of interest to the linguist is the extent to which German is spoken in the family and in the community. Jürnjakob says of his children: "When the children are together, they usually talk English. Which is why we have to be sure that they learn German" (165). According to these letters, language maintenance efforts were underway before 1900. The dialect spoken in this community is Mecklenburgisch, an eastern variety of Low German. Jürnjakob identifies closely to speakers of his dialect, referring to someone as a Mecklenburger (or non-Mecklenburger) more often than speaking of someone as being German. The original letters are written in what is referred to as Missingsch, a mixture of High and Low German features. The English translation attempts to preserve the concept of Missingsch by making use of both High and Low German phrases. In the words of the translator: "I make it sound like that old-timey farm talk that I grew up with and experienced . . ." (xv). While some italicized phrases may add charm to the book, I found the high frequency of such phrases (sometimes several on one page) along with their subsequent English translation a bit distracting. Here is an example of this: "The first thing we did was build a log house, wir bauten uns ein Blockhaus. There was plenty wood" (52). Additionally, the direct translations of German idiomatic phrases, as well as the imposition of German syntactic forms on English phrases, detract somewhat from the message of the letters. A very high-frequency idiomatic loan translation is the phrase "man oh man". This phrase is often used to begin sentences: "Nu, man oh man, I giddyaped them horses" (61). "I scratched me behind the ears. . ." (107) illustrates my syntactic quibbles. I understand the translator's effort to enrich the text with these features, however, less can be more.
Of course there is humor in the letters as well. In one letter, Jürnjakob explains to a friend that "every and any German has to have something to complain about, otherwise their skin doesn't fit." The book also includes several entertaining narratives such as the story of the church organ. The new church organist has a lesson in German frugality and simplicity. The organ "windmaker" (the guy who pumps the air into the organ) tells the new organist: "Don't pull all the stops at once, as if that wind doesn't cost money. And, if you'd leave those worldly tra-la-las off those holy hymns, you'd get through real good with my wind" (97).
Aside from minor problems with the translation, the book offers informative insight into the daily lives of nineteenth-century German-Americans. By fusing the various original letters into one family of immigrants, Gillhoff manages to paint an entertaining picture of early immigrant life. Besides poking fun at himself and fellow Germans, Jürnjakob does emphasize the important role German-Americans played in the settlement of the Midwest. I recommend this book to all looking for insight into the experience (both community and family) of nineteenth-century German-American immigrants.
By Antje Petty
Their heritage may be different, but one thing virtually all Americans have in common: a personal and/or family history that includes immigration/emigration or migration. On a larger scale, immigration issues are interwoven with many historical and current events. Already these issues are taught in elementary and secondary schools, but usually as isolated topics within the curriculum demands of an individual subject. At the Max Kade Institute, we feel that immigration is an ideal topic to connect different school subjects with foreign languages, to connect teachers, students, and parents with the community at large (for example, local museums, historical and ethnic societies) and to connect the present with the past.
In this context, MKI is developing teacher workshops, in which foreign language teachers will cooperate with teachers from other disciplines in creating a cross-subject instructional unit. Example topics could be: The Settlement of Wisconsin, The Role of Immigrants in the Wars, The Concept of a National Language, Immigration Issues in the Year 2000, etc.
Using the first topic, the integrated curriculum could work as follows: students in history class learn about the settlement of Wisconsin, while in language arts class, they read historic or current immigrant literature related to that topic. At the same time, in the foreign language classes, students study in depth the impact of immigrants from their target language countries, using authentic materials in the foreign language. In this case, German students could learn about the regions in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria from which people emigrated to Wisconsin. They could learn about the dialects those immigrants spoke, learn about particular groups such as the 48ers, etc. Materials being used would range from sound recordings of dialects, travelogues and historic newspapers to photos and personal letters. The MKI collection will be a valuable resource for those materials.
By being taught through integrated curricula, students will benefit in many ways. They will not only be confronted with different viewpoints but literarily will have heard different voices. This will help them to appreciate their own voice and at the same time appreciate the diversity in our society. Overall, it is one step toward preparing students for life as responsible citizens in an increasingly global world.
By Emily Engel
We are excited to announce the great strides made through educational outreach. As soon as the first activity for the new teacher's resource was done, Pam Tesch and I were able to visit eight classrooms and test it...with much success.
Visiting classrooms proved to be very helpful for us. We learned a lot about our first set of activities (Family and Immigration) and about middle and high school students. We visited classrooms ranging from seventh grade through twelfth, all with varying success. By working with so many different ages, we learned that the activities worked best with older students, because we were able to initiate quality conversations about the broader themes and issues of immigration in the U.S. Students were engaged in conversations about the Melting-Pot and Salad Bowl theories, as well as the issues surrounding English-only legislation. These topics lead to the discussion of what is the American identity, if we have one, and should we expect immigrants to adopt it as their own.
We will continue to plan new activities and to meet with teachers throughout the next semester. We would like to personally thank Naomi Smith, at Stoughton High School, and Mary Counter, at Shattuck Middle School in Neenah, for allowing us into their classrooms, and offering us their helpful advice on the teaching activities. We are very appreciative!
In addition, we presented the second set of activities at WAFLT (Wisconsin Association of Foreign Language Teachers) with much success. If you are interested in learning more about the activities in the German Immigrant Teaching Resource, please contact Antje Petty at the Max Kade Institute (262-7546).
By Pamela Tesch
When he's not designing new courses in farm management, writing books, working on genealogy, or traveling to Europe to meet new (and old) relatives, you might get Bob to stop and talk about the Meat and Animal Science Professional Improvement Seminar where he's been engaged in a long-time study of the anterior portion of the species ovis and probability statistics (otherwise known as sheepshead). Robert Luening is a charming and energetic member of the Institute, who knows how to concentrate on business, but also has fun.
Director Joe Salmons notes: "Bob has transformed the Friends of MKI, both recently as President, and previously as Treasurer. He suggested lifetime memberships and has helped to build the endowment." Associate Director Mary Devitt also recognizes his service: "Bob has played a very important role in developing the Friends and has served the Institute in many other ways, in addition to being President and Treasurer. He has also given family history lectures throughout the state. In almost every community, he knows or has some connection with someone; probably because of his career as an Ag-Extension agent." Bob became a member of the Max Kade Institute during his career on campus teaching Farm Management. Since that time, he has been a dedicated member of the Institute, not only participating in lectures, conferences, and other events, but also serving on the board for six years.
His professional career at the UW began in 1963, and he continues to teach short courses, the most recent being in the summer of 2000. Before he received his degrees in agricultural education, he experienced life as a farmer for sixteen years in Waukesha County. The combination of his field and professional experience led him to publish a Farm Management Handbook, and later a book, Dairy Farm Management, that has been translated into Spanish, French, and Russian.
Bob attributes part of his interest in the MKI to his German and Dutch heritage. His wife, Dorothy, introduced him to genealogy. Together, they have researched both his German and Dutch ancestors. One of his ancestors, his grandfather Dietrich Christian Ludwich Luening, was one of the very early members of Milwaukee's Masonic Aurora Lodge No. 30 and wrote part of a lecture in German 150 years ago. Bob attended an event last spring at the Aurora Lodge and was recognized in honor of his grandfather (see MKI Newsletter Summer 2000). Bob says that D.C. led an adventurous life. "He was born in Amsterdam, and moved to the Bremen area, where he was reputed to be a juvenile gang leader. He was sent away to sea and came to the US as a teenager. He became a school principal eventually and was active in public education for over fifty years." Since 1990, Bob and his wife Dorothy have traveled to Europe every three years to meet their family and tour the Netherlands and Germany.
Perhaps D.C.'s life as a Mason and educator influenced Bob. Like his grandfather, he is a Mason and has been master of the Middleton Ionic Lodge, as well as the Hartland Lodge. The community is important to him, and in addition to his service to the MKI, and to the Masonic Lodges, he also belongs to the Madison West Kiwanis Club. He has been in Who's Who in America since 1984.
Bob thinks that we often take ourselves too seriously these days. He says, "We can accomplish just as much if we once-and-so-often sit down together for popcorn and beer and have fun!"
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Collection Feature: Native Americans in Late Nineteenth-century and Early Twentieth-century
European and German-American LiteratureBy Heidi Marzen, MKI Librarian
To complement our recent lecture, "Germans and Indians in a European Perspective" by Christian Feest, we are featuring in this issue part of our collection of German-American literature. The titles in the following bibliography include not only those published in the United States in the German language, but also some published in Germany, Switzerland and Austria. There are both fiction and non-fiction titles, with varying depictions and perceptions of Native Americans.
The images shown here were chosen for their illustrations of Native Americans. The historical novel by L.W. Graepp, Bleichgesicht und Rothhaut, features the Ottawa chief, Pontiac. It was published by the prominent German-American publishing house of George Brumder, in Milwaukee. Also pictured is the cover of Jaalahn: Die Geschichte einer Indianerliebe. It was published both in Europe and the United States in the early twentieth century. The first page of this book tells the reader that "Jaalahn bedeutet `Auf Wiedersehen'!", or "Jaalahn means `goodbye'!"
Shown
below are images from the book, Eliot, Brainerd und Zeisberger: Drei Glaubenszeugen.
unter den Indianern. This is the tale of three seventeenth-century missionaries,
shown here preaching to the Indians. This book was published in Allentown, Pennsylvania,
in 1883, and written by a Lutheran pastor from Brooklyn.
Look for other collection features in future newsletters. Please
contact Heidi Marzen
(262-7546) to view any of the items below.
Das Leben von David Brainerd, Missionar unter den Indianern. New York, N.Y.: Amerikanische Traktat-Gesellschaft, n.d.
Der Wildsteller. Stuttgart: W. Nitzschke, n.d.
Der Wildtöter. Stuttgart: W. Nitzschke, n.d.
Berghold, Alexander. Indianer-Rache, oder die Schreckenstage von Neu-Ulm. Graz, Switzerland: Verlags-Buchhandlung Styria, 1892.
Eastman, Ch. A. Winona: Indianergeschichten aus alter Zeit. Hamburg: Rauhes Haus, 1922.
Frey, August Emil. Eliot, Brainerd und Zeisberger: Drei Glaubenszeugen unter den Indianern. Missions-Bibliothek für Jung und Alt, V. Allentown, Pa.: Brobst, Diehl & Co., 1883. [pictured]
Gärtner, Georg. Nur ein Wilder! Eine Erzählung aus dem Indianerleben. [Stuttgart]: Gustav Weise, n.d.
Graepp, L. W. Aus der Heimath des Rothen Mannes. Milwaukee, Wis.: Brumder, 1897.
Graepp, L. W. Bleichgesicht und Rothhaut, oder, Pontiac, der Häuptling der Ottawas. Milwaukee, Wis.: Brumder, n.d. [pictured]
Harders, Gustav. Jaalahn. Die Geschichte Einer Indianerliebe. Dritte Auflage. Hamburg: Rauhes Haus, 1911 / Milwaukee, Wis.: Northwestern, 1921. [pictured]
Harders, Gustav. Wille wider Wille: Eine Herzensgeschichte aus den Indianerhütten Arizonas. Milwaukee, Wis.: Northwestern, (c)1916.
Herzberger, F. W. Die Friedenskönigin, und andere schöne Indianersagen aus dem Amerikanischen Osten. St. Louis, Mo.: Concordia, n.d.
Herzberger, F. W. Manitous Opfer: Eine alte Indianersage. Milwaukee, Wis.: Northwestern, n.d.
May, Karl. Der Ölprinz: Eine Erzählung für die reifere Jugend. Stuttgart: Union Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft, n.d.
May, Karl. Der Schatz im Silbersee. Vienna: Tosa, n.d.
May, Karl. Winnetou: Reiseerzählung. Bamberg: Karl-May-Verlag, (c)1951.
Young, Egerton. Unter den Indianern. Guetersloh: Bertelsmann, 1899.
By Eleanor Florence Rosellini. Guild Press of Indiana, 1999. $17.95 (Hardcover). 112 pages.
Reviewed by Antje Petty
July 12th, Williams Bay, Wisconsin. Just arrived at grandfather's house. Brother is running around birdbath, waving a stick and grunting like a cave man...
With this entry in the diary of eleven year old Elizabeth Pollack begins the story of a mystery: a mystery born not in some far-off or exotic place but right in her own grandfather's house. Elizabeth and her eight year old brother Jonathan love detective stories and would like nothing better than to become sleuths themselves. They get their wish when, from behind an old family portrait, a mysterious faded note is found that seems to be over a hundred years old. In an effort to decipher the note and to uncover the story behind it, the children delve deeply into their family's history. They learn about genealogy and old handwriting, they find long lost family treasures, and they visit the places where their ancestors lived, traveling from Wisconsin to Indiana to Ohio. But most important of all, they meet relatives they barely knew and get to hear family tales that could have easily died with the older generation. After an exciting, suspenseful journey, Elizabeth and Jonathan find the surprising solution to their mystery, and — in the words of their uncle Richard — they have "found more than one treasure." They have learned that family memories are jewels that can be lost forever if no one makes an effort to collect and preserve them.
With
The Puzzle in the Portrait, Eleanor Rosellini has written a mystery for
7-12 year olds that will be enjoyed by the whole family. Says Rosellini: "I
meant the book to be read out loud, to be shared by family members, and to be
a catalyst for intergenerational communication." In this, she definitely
succeeds. The story is absorbing, fast-paced, and will engage parents, grandparents,
and children alike. In a school setting, the book can be a lead-in to further
discussions of family, society, and heritage. Boys and girls alike will readily
relate to the main characters: the somewhat bookish older sister Elizabeth and
the rambunctious little brother Jonathan, whose favorite book is The Encyclopedia
of the Totally Disgusting. Throughout the text, vivid illustrations by Elizabeth
Vogt draw the reader even deeper into the story.
While the mystery itself is fiction, the settings and characters are modeled after places and people in the author's life. Eleanor Rosellini points out that even while writing this book, she learned more about her own family's history. And she just might have helped to preserve a piece of this history, too: The "real" Diamond Prairie Farm in Ohio is about to be torn down but will live on in The Puzzle in the Portrait.
For those who want to become memory keepers themselves, there
are some suggestions at the end of the book. Examples include:
"put together a memory box," "find an object with
a story to tell," and "film older relatives talking
about their past." Young readers also get clues on how to
do genealogical research using libraries and the Internet. At
this time of year one suggestion in particular might be of interest:
"At your next holiday celebration, get a few people to tell
about their most memorable holiday. Warn them ahead of time so
that they have time to think about it. Write down or tape your
favorite story. Make sure to get the facts right, just like a
newspaper reporter!" Who knows, maybe you will uncover a
mystery. After all — to again quote uncle Richard, "If
you like puzzles there is nothing like family history!"
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The Friends of the Max Kade Institute Board of Directors are: Robert Bolz, Madison Dennis Boyer, Dodgeville Mary Devitt (ex-officio), Cross Plains Max Gaebler, Madison Edward Langer (President), Hales Corners Fran Luebke (Secretary, Treasurer), Brookfield Trudy Paradis, Cedarburg Karyl Rommelfanger, Manitowoc Joseph Salmons (ex-officio), Madison Kent Salomon, Appleton Sue Stoddard, Wausau William Thiel, Eau Claire Hermann Viets, Milwaukee |
By Ruth Olson, Assistant Director, CSUMC
The Max Kade Institute will soon be part of the new Center for the Study of Upper Midwestern Cultures. The creation of CSUMC is the result of a planning grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. Part of the NEH's plan to create ten regional humanities centers across the country, CSUMC will serve a 5-state region, including Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois and Missouri. This summer, we will be writing an implementation grant to NEH, and during the next seven years, we will be raising money to fund an endowment that will sustain regional humanistic activities for years to come.
The goals of the new center are to create partnerships with academic institutions and other humanities organizations and agencies across the Upper Midwest; to study the languages and expressive culture of the Upper Midwest's diverse peoples; to stimulate the development of related research and library, archival, museum and virtual collections; to foster educational and public programs, with an emphasis on pluralism, language and expressive culture; to act as a clearinghouse for information about projects across the Upper Midwest; and to connect with other regional centers across the country. The Center will be guided by an advisory board of academic humanists, programming professionals and exemplary practitioners of expressive culture, drawn from across the region.
The CSUMC will sponsor and support conferences and events that will serve diverse professions, institutions and communities. We envision, for example, a conference that conjoins bilingual storytellers, teachers, linguists, literary scholars, regional writers and librarians. Other conferences would foster discussion and collaboration among: traditional musicians, folklorists, ethnomusicologists and producers of recordings and programs; dance and theater scholars and immigrant and ethnic performers; and fine and folk artists, museum curators, art historians and educators.
The Center will also offer research opportunities for both individuals and organizations. Fellowships and grants will allow students, independent scholars and faculty to conduct field research focusing on the region's diverse cultures. The Center will support visiting scholars, both at the University of Wisconsin and across the region. We will also help organizations to expand their research on languages, expressive culture and indigenous and immigrant groups. The Center will build partnerships with other state, regional and federal arts and humanities agencies to increase the funding opportunities available in the region.
The Center will nurture collections development across the region, especially striving to fill in research gaps in the languages and expressive cultures of the Upper Midwest's diverse peoples.
The Center is strongly committed to public programs and products. The Center aims to create and fund educational products that increase knowledge about the region.
For more information, please visit our website or contact Ruth Olson.
It's been said, "gratitude expressed is the expectation of future favors." However, not expressing gratitude is indeed negligence.
This year the Friends have far surpassed their previous support of the Institute's programs -- from becoming life members, to supporting specific events, to giving to the Endowment and Publication Funds of the MKI, to renewing membership at a higher giving level. All these means of supporting the Friends, and thereby the Institute, have allowed our faculty, staff, and students to continue to do new and interdisciplinary research, to sponsor workshops and conferences that bring some of the best academic and community scholars to participate in broadening the scope of the Institute and expanding our knowledge of the immigrant experience.
Increased support of MKI activities can equally be viewed as expressed gratitude by the Friends for the MKI, and thus, the expectation of future favors. We are most happy to oblige by offering engaging lectures, new publications, and many opportunities for our Friends to become involved. Together we're creating a win-win situation. Future favors aside, we thank you most sincerely for your support. On behalf of the Staff of MKI, we wish you happy holidays and prosperity in the year ahead.
Mary Devitt, Assistant Director
By Heidi Marzen, MKI Librarian
We look on with delight as the MKI libraries continue to grow. In this issue, there is a mix of nineteenth-century German-American imprints donated to the Institute and more recently published books and pamphlets we have been given. The German-American volumes go into our unique collection of German-language materials published in the United States. The contemporary works go into our research collection on the second floor. We have also acquired several multimedia items, including some microfiche and CD-ROMs, which can be useful for genealogical research.
Please contact Heidi Marzen at 262-7546 or hmmarzen@facstaff.wisc.edu if interested in using these items.
ALC Congregation Records [microfiche]. 1982.
Berühmte Deutsche Vorkämpfer für Fortschritt, Freiheit und Friede in Nord-Amerika von 1626 Bis 1888: Einhundert und Fünfzig Biographien, mit zwanzig Portraits. Cleveland, Ohio: Forest City Bookbinding Co., 1888.
D-Info: Adress- und Telefonauskunft Deutschland. DOS and Windows version. [Mannheim]: Topware PD-Service GmbH, ©1995.
Das neue Testament unsers Herrn und Heilandes Jesu Christi, nach der Deutschen Übersetzung D. Martin Luthers. "Nach der Hallischen Ausgabe." ed. Cleveland, Ohio: Verlagshaus der Ev. Gemeinschaft, 1854.
Das neue Testament unsers Herrn und Heilandes Jesu Christi: Nach Dr. Martin Luther's Übersetzung. Philadelphia, Pa.: Mentz & Sohn, 1836.
Becker, Gerhardt. A Bibliography and List of Library Holdings of Milwaukee Publisher George Brumder (1839-1910). Foreword Frederick I. Olson. Milwaukee, Wis.: Golda Meir Library, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, 2000.
Iwan, Wilhelm. "Die Religiösen Wanderungen in Schlesien [microfiche]." Jahrbuch des Vereins für Schlesische Kirchengeschichte XXIX (1939): 55-78.
Iwan, Wilhelm. Um des Glaubens Willen nach Australien: Eine Episode Deutscher Auswanderung [microfiche]. Breslau: Verlag des Luth. Büchervereins, 1931.
Johnson, Hildegard Binder. "The Location of German Immigrants in the Middle West." Reprinted from Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. XLI, March 1951, No. 1, pages 1-41.
Kempen, Thomas von. Vier Bücher von der Nachfolge Christi und ein vollständiges Gebetbuch im Geiste der Nachfolge Christi: mit bischöflicher Approbation. 20. Aufl. Einsiedeln; New York, N.Y.: Benziger Brothers, 1864.
Krapf, Norbert. Somewhere in Southern Indiana: Poems of Midwestern Origins [sound recording]. St. Louis, Mo.: Time Being Books, ©1993.
Laengin, Bernd G. Plain and Amish: an Alternative to Modern Pessimism. [Die Amischen]. Translator Jack Thiessen. Scottdale, Pa.: Herald Press, ©1994.
Lewerer, Allen. 1851 German Map. [Post- und Eisenbahn-Reisekarte Deutschland]. Allen Lewerer, New Richmond, Wis.
Miller, Michelle M. Cultural Diversity and Conflict in American Agriculture: Intergenerational Responses of a Wisconsin Farm Family. University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1992.
Rüdebusch, Charles A. The Family Bürger in Germany, the Bürger Family in America : a Family History Project in Three Volumes. Oak Park, Ill.: C.A. Rüdebusch, 1999.
Seele, Hermann. The Cypress and Other Writings of a German Pioneer in Texas. [Die Cypresse und Gesammelte Schriften]. Translator Edward C. Breitenkamp. Elma Dill Russell Spencer Foundation Series, Vol.9. Austin: University of Texas Press, ©1979.
Swedish-American Church Records [microfiche]. [Rock Island, Ill.]: Swenson Swedish Immigration Research Center, n.d.
Swedish-Canadian Church Records [microfiche]. [Rock Island, Ill.]: Swenson Swedish Immigration Research Center, n.d.
We are grateful for the generous donations that have been made to the Institute's library. Please visit our library catalog online and search our growing collection!
